United Nations peacekeeping

United Nations operations deploy military, police, and civilian personnel to help maintain peace and security in conflict-affected areas, usually with consent from the main parties.

United Nations Security Council: The UN organ responsible for maintaining international peace and security, including authorizing peacekeeping operations. It establishes most missions and defines their mandates.
United Nations Truce Supervision Organization: A UN mission established in 1948 to supervise ceasefires and armistice agreements in the Middle East. It is the oldest continuing UN peacekeeping operation.
United Nations Emergency Force: A UN force deployed in 1956 to supervise the end of the Suez Crisis and the withdrawal of invading forces. Its deployment helped establish the model of armed, consent-based UN peacekeeping.
Peace enforcement: Coercive action authorized to restore or maintain international peace, potentially without consent from the parties. Unlike traditional peacekeeping, enforcement does not depend on consent from all conflict parties.
Peacekeeping mandate: The authority and tasks assigned to a peacekeeping operation by the Security Council. A mandate sets each mission’s permitted activities and priorities.
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon: A UN force established in 1978 to monitor hostilities and support stability in southern Lebanon. Its changing mandates illustrate the demands placed on long-running missions.
Dag Hammarskjöld: A Swedish diplomat who served as UN secretary-general from 1953 until his death in 1961. He helped shape the early practice and political independence of peacekeeping.
Peacebuilding: Long-term efforts to address conflict’s causes and strengthen institutions that sustain peace. Peacebuilding aims at durable social and political conditions beyond a mission’s immediate security role.
Consent of the parties: Agreement by the principal parties to a conflict to accept an outside intervention or process. Consent has traditionally distinguished peacekeeping from enforcement imposed without agreement.
United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire: A UN mission that supported peace and political transition in Côte d'Ivoire from 2004 to 2017. It combined civilian protection with support for a post-conflict political process.

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