United States home front during World War II

The civilian, economic, and social life of the United States during World War II, shaped by mass mobilization, government controls, and changes in work and daily life.

Office of Price Administration: A federal agency that regulated prices and administered consumer rationing during World War II. It restrained inflation and managed scarce goods through price controls and ration books.
Women in the United States during World War II: Women’s wartime experiences in the United States, including expanded industrial employment and military service. Labor shortages brought millions of women into jobs previously dominated by men.
Lend-Lease: A U.S. program begun in 1941 to supply Allied nations with military aid before and after American entry into the war. It expanded industrial mobilization before the United States formally entered the conflict.
Franklin D. Roosevelt: The 32nd president of the United States, who led the country through most of World War II. His administration organized mobilization and expanded federal direction of the wartime economy.
Double V campaign: A campaign launched by the Pittsburgh Courier in 1942, calling for victory against fascism abroad and racism at home. It challenged the contrast between democratic war aims and racial discrimination in the United States.
Rationing in the United States during World War II: The system limiting civilian purchases of scarce goods in the United States during World War II. Restrictions on gasoline, food, and materials made mobilization visible in everyday routines.
Rosie the Riveter: A cultural icon representing women who worked in industrial jobs during World War II. The image promoted women’s factory labor while revealing tensions around gender and work.
Attack on Pearl Harbor: The Japanese military attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The attack brought the United States into the war and triggered rapid national mobilization.
A. Philip Randolph: An African American labor leader and civil rights activist who organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. His planned 1941 march on Washington pressured Roosevelt to address discrimination in defense employment.
Korematsu v. United States: A 1944 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld Fred Korematsu’s conviction for violating an exclusion order. The ruling illustrates the conflict between military claims and constitutional protections during wartime.

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