United States occupation of Cuba

The United States military administration of Cuba from 1898 to 1902 and again from 1906 to 1909, following Cuban independence from Spain.

Spanish–American War: A 1898 war between Spain and the United States that ended Spanish rule in Cuba and expanded U.S. power. U.S. forces entered Cuba during this war and remained after Spain’s defeat.
Leonard Wood: A U.S. Army officer who governed Cuba as military governor from 1899 to 1902. He led the administration that organized institutions before the 1902 transfer of power.
Guantánamo Bay Naval Base: A U.S. naval base in southeastern Cuba, established under a 1903 lease that grants the United States control of the area. The Platt Amendment’s intervention era led to a continuing U.S. military presence on Cuban territory.
Tomás Estrada Palma: A Cuban independence leader who became the first president of the Cuban Republic in 1902. His presidency began when the first U.S. occupation ended and collapsed amid the 1906 crisis.
Spanish colonial Cuba: Cuba under Spanish colonial rule, which ended after Spain’s defeat in 1898. U.S. administration replaced Spanish sovereignty but continued outside control of Cuban affairs.
Cuban War of Independence: The 1895–1898 Cuban revolt against Spanish rule, led by Cuban insurgents seeking independence. The insurgency created the conflict in which U.S. intervention began.
Military government: A system in which armed forces exercise governing authority over a territory, temporarily or indefinitely. U.S. rule in Cuba operated through military governors and occupation authority.
Cuban–American Treaty of Relations (1903): A treaty that incorporated the Platt Amendment’s conditions into relations between Cuba and the United States. It formalized constraints that survived the end of occupation.
José Miguel Gómez: A Cuban general and politician who became president in 1909 after the second U.S. occupation. His inauguration marked the restoration of Cuban government after U.S. military rule.
Cuban War of 1895–1898: The final Cuban independence war against Spain, fought from 1895 until U.S. intervention in 1898. Cuban insurgent government and military struggle differed from direct U.S. military administration.

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