University of Bologna

The University of Bologna is a public research university in Bologna, Italy, traditionally dated to 1088 and widely regarded as the oldest university in continuous operation.

1088: The traditional founding date of the University of Bologna, commemorated by the institution as its origin. The university uses this year to mark its beginnings, although its early history developed gradually.
Glossators: Medieval legal scholars who explained Roman law by writing annotations, or glosses, on its texts. Their teaching and textual scholarship established Bologna’s early reputation in law.
Irnerius: An eleventh- and twelfth-century jurist associated with the revival of Roman law at Bologna. He is traditionally identified as a founder of the Bologna school of legal study.
Bologna Process: A European intergovernmental initiative to make higher education systems more comparable and compatible. The modern reform initiative shares the city’s name but is distinct from the university’s medieval history.
Medieval universities: Institutions of higher learning that emerged in Europe during the Middle Ages. Bologna became an influential model within Europe’s first generation of universities.
Roman law: The legal system developed in ancient Rome and preserved in later compilations and interpretations. Its study supplied the central subject matter for Bologna’s earliest scholarly community.
Gratian: A twelfth-century canon lawyer who compiled the influential Decretum, a foundational work of canon law. His teaching and compilation are closely associated with Bologna’s legal scholarship.
Bologna Accord: A 1999 declaration by European countries to coordinate higher education structures and qualifications. The declaration launched the process named for Bologna, the city where it was signed.
University of Paris: A medieval university that became a major center of theology and philosophy in Paris. Its emergence offers a comparison with Bologna’s earlier law-centered development.
Corpus Juris Civilis: A sixth-century compilation of Roman law commissioned by Byzantine emperor Justinian I. Bologna’s jurists studied and interpreted this major body of legal texts.

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