Unix

Unix is a multiuser operating system developed at Bell Labs and first released in 1971. Its design centers on small tools, plain-text interfaces, and a hierarchical file system.

Unix shell: A command interpreter that runs programs and connects them through an interactive interface. Shells expose Unix commands and let users combine programs with pipelines.
Bell Labs: The research and development organization where Unix was created. Unix began as a Bell Labs project in the late 1960s.
Operating system: System software that manages computer hardware and provides services to programs. Unix is an operating system with a distinctive interface and design tradition.
Unix-like operating system: An operating system that resembles Unix in design or behavior without necessarily being certified as Unix. The category separates Unix’s broader influence from systems formally bearing the Unix name.
Unix workstation: A high-performance single-user computer designed for interactive technical or scientific work. Unix workstations made the system a platform for engineering, graphics, and research.
Unix file system: A hierarchical system that names and organizes files and directories. Unix represents devices and other resources through file-system paths.
Ken Thompson: An American computer scientist who co-created Unix and the B programming language. Thompson built the first Unix system with Dennis Ritchie.
Multics: A time-sharing operating system developed through a collaboration including MIT, Bell Labs, and General Electric. Unix emerged after Bell Labs withdrew from the Multics project.
Linux: An open-source kernel that, combined with other software, forms widely used Unix-like operating systems. Linux follows many Unix conventions but was developed independently of the original Unix code.
Unix server: A server computer running a Unix or Unix-like operating system. Unix’s multitasking and networking capabilities made it a common server platform.

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