Upper Canada

Upper Canada was a British colony established in 1791 in the western part of present-day Ontario. It became the Province of Canada West in 1841 and part of the Dominion of Canada in 1867.

Constitutional Act 1791: A British statute that divided the Province of Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada and established elected assemblies. It created Upper Canada as a separate colony and defined its initial institutions.
Lieutenant governor: A Crown-appointed official who represents the monarch and performs constitutional duties in a Canadian province. The lieutenant governor headed Upper Canada’s colonial administration.
Rebellions of 1837–1838: Uprisings against British colonial governments in Upper and Lower Canada during 1837 and 1838. Upper Canada’s rebellion formed one half of this wider colonial crisis.
Lower Canada: A British colony established in 1791 in the eastern part of present-day Quebec, with a predominantly French-speaking population. It was Upper Canada’s counterpart under the same constitutional settlement.
Province of Quebec (1763–1791): A British colony in North America established after the Seven Years’ War and reorganized by the Constitutional Act of 1791. Upper Canada emerged when this earlier colony was divided.
Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada: The elected lower chamber of Upper Canada’s legislature, established under the Constitutional Act of 1791. It gave eligible male property holders a limited role in colonial lawmaking.
Durham Report: A 1839 report by John George Lambton recommending political reforms and the union of Upper and Lower Canada. It shaped the British response to rebellion and the colony’s political future.
Civil law: A legal system based primarily on written codes and legislation rather than judicial precedent. French civil law persisted in Lower Canada, unlike Upper Canada’s common-law tradition.
United Empire Loyalists: Colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolution, many of whom resettled in British North America. Their migration helped populate Upper Canada after the American Revolution.
Legislative Council of Upper Canada: The appointed upper chamber of Upper Canada’s legislature, whose members were named by the Crown’s representative. Its appointed membership could block measures passed by the elected assembly.

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