Urban agriculture

Urban agriculture is the cultivation, processing, and distribution of food and other products within or around cities. It includes activities ranging from household gardens to commercial farms.

Community garden: A shared space where people grow plants, often including food, for personal use or community benefit. Community gardens turn shared urban land into places for food production and social activity.
Hydroponics: A method of growing plants without soil by delivering nutrients through water. Hydroponics can grow crops in buildings and other places without arable soil.
Food security: A condition in which people have reliable access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food. Urban production can contribute locally, though it rarely replaces the wider food system.
Rural agriculture: The cultivation and production of food and other products in rural areas. Rural farms generally operate at larger scales and supply much of the food consumed in cities.
Rooftop farming: The cultivation of crops on the roofs of buildings. Rooftops provide growing space where ground-level land is scarce.
Aeroponics: A method of growing plants with suspended roots misted by a nutrient solution. Aeroponic systems reduce the growing medium needed for indoor crop production.
Food miles: The distance food travels from production to consumption, often used as a rough measure of transport burden. Local production can shorten some food journeys, but transport distance alone does not determine impact.
Peri-urban agriculture: Farming in the transitional zones between cities and the surrounding countryside. Its location at the urban fringe differs from production within the city itself.
Vertical farming: Crop production in vertically stacked layers, often indoors under controlled conditions. Vertical farms intensify production within compact urban buildings.
Composting: The controlled decomposition of organic matter into a stable, nutrient-rich soil amendment. Composting can return food scraps and plant waste to urban growing soils.

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