Urban guerrilla warfare

Urban guerrilla warfare is clandestine armed struggle conducted in towns and cities, using dense populations and built environments as its operating terrain.

Insurgency: An organized campaign by a non-state movement to challenge a government or occupying power through armed or political action. Urban guerrilla warfare is one form of insurgency, distinguished by its city-based operating environment.
Guevarism: A revolutionary doctrine associated with Che Guevara that emphasizes rural guerrilla warfare and the foco strategy. Its rural foco model became a point of departure for arguments favoring urban armed struggle.
Red Army Faction: A West German far-left militant group active from 1970 to 1998, also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group. It pursued clandestine armed action in West German cities as part of a revolutionary campaign.
Counterinsurgency: Political, military, and security measures intended to defeat an insurgency and address its sources of support. Governments have adapted policing and intelligence practices in response to clandestine urban groups.
Clandestine operation: An activity conducted covertly to conceal its existence, participants, or purpose. Concealment helps urban armed groups operate amid civilian populations and state surveillance.
Carlos Marighella: A Brazilian Marxist revolutionary who wrote the 1969 handbook Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla. His handbook gave urban guerrilla warfare a widely circulated strategic formulation.
Weather Underground: A United States far-left militant organization that carried out bombings during the 1970s. Its urban clandestine attacks illustrate one form of armed protest against state policy.
State of emergency: A temporary legal regime granting a government exceptional powers during a crisis. Urban militant campaigns have sometimes prompted governments to expand emergency powers.
Asymmetric warfare: Conflict between opponents with substantially unequal military power, in which the weaker side uses different strategies. Urban guerrillas often seek advantage without matching a state's conventional forces.
Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla: A 1969 text by Carlos Marighella outlining tactics and political aims for urban armed struggle. It is a canonical statement of the approach's strategy and terminology.

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