User Datagram Protocol

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connectionless transport protocol that sends datagrams without guaranteeing delivery, order, or duplicate protection. Its small header supports low-overhead communication between applications.

UDP datagram: A UDP message containing source and destination ports, length, checksum, and payload. Its compact header carries the addressing and error-checking information UDP provides.
Domain Name System: A distributed naming system that translates domain names into records such as IP addresses. DNS commonly uses UDP for compact queries and responses that fit in a single datagram.
Transmission Control Protocol: A connection-oriented transport protocol that provides ordered, reliable byte streams. TCP supplies retransmission and ordered delivery that UDP deliberately leaves to applications.
David P. Reed: An American computer scientist who designed the User Datagram Protocol and contributed to Internet architecture. Reed authored UDP’s specification as a minimal datagram service.
Port number: A transport-layer number that identifies an application endpoint on a host. UDP uses ports to deliver incoming datagrams to the right application.
Real-time Transport Protocol: A protocol for carrying real-time audio and video, usually over UDP. RTP builds timing and sequencing features above UDP for media streams.
Stream Control Transmission Protocol: A transport protocol that provides reliable message delivery, multistreaming, and multihoming. SCTP retains message boundaries while adding reliable delivery absent from UDP.
RFC 768: The 1980 specification that defines the User Datagram Protocol. This short document established UDP’s header format and service.
Internet checksum: A one's-complement checksum used to detect corruption in IP packets and transport segments. UDP checksums can detect corrupted datagrams, though they do not trigger retransmission.
QUIC: A transport protocol that provides encrypted, reliable streams and runs over UDP. QUIC uses UDP datagrams while implementing reliability and congestion control itself.

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