Vanadate

Vanadate is an oxyanion containing vanadium and oxygen, or a compound containing such an ion. Its structures and charges vary with acidity and concentration.

Vanadium: Vanadium is a transition metal with atomic number 23 that forms compounds in several oxidation states. Vanadate contains vanadium, most often in the +5 oxidation state.
Orthovanadate: Orthovanadate is the tetrahedral anion VO₄³⁻, the simplest common vanadate unit. It is the basic monomeric form from which protonated and condensed species arise.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase: A protein tyrosine phosphatase is an enzyme that removes phosphate groups from tyrosine residues in proteins. Vanadate inhibits many members of this enzyme family by mimicking phosphate during catalysis.
Arsenate: Arsenate is an oxyanion of arsenic, commonly present as AsO₄³⁻ and its protonated forms. Like vanadate, arsenate can resemble phosphate and interfere with phosphate-dependent chemistry.
Oxyanion: An oxyanion is a negatively charged ion composed of oxygen and another element. Vanadate belongs to this broad class of oxygen-containing anions.
Metavanadate: Metavanadate denotes vanadate compositions with an approximate VO₃⁻ unit, often occurring in polymeric structures. It illustrates how vanadate units condense rather than remaining isolated tetrahedra.
Sodium orthovanadate: Sodium orthovanadate is a sodium salt of orthovanadate, widely used as a phosphatase inhibitor in laboratory research. It is a common reagent for suppressing phosphatase activity in biological samples.
Chromate: Chromate is the tetrahedral oxyanion CrO₄²⁻, containing chromium in the +6 oxidation state. It is another transition-metal oxyanion, but its charge and central-element chemistry differ.
Oxidation state: Oxidation state is the formal charge assigned to an atom in a compound under electron-bookkeeping rules. Vanadium’s oxidation state helps distinguish vanadate species and their reactivity.
Decavanadate: Decavanadate is a polyoxovanadate ion containing ten vanadium atoms, commonly written V₁₀O₂₈⁶⁻ in its fully deprotonated form. Acidic conditions can favor this prominent condensed vanadate cluster.

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Ammonium metavanadateNarrower topic: Metavanadate belongs to the broader family of vanadate ions.