Vascular cambium

A lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem inward and secondary phloem outward, increasing the thickness of stems and roots.

Secondary growth: Plant growth that increases the thickness of stems and roots through lateral meristems. Vascular cambium is the main meristem driving this increase in girth.
Lateral meristem: A plant meristem that produces tissues increasing the diameter of stems or roots. Vascular cambium is one of the two principal lateral meristems.
Woody plant: A perennial plant that develops persistent stems or roots strengthened by wood. Its wood accumulates through repeated inward production by vascular cambium.
Wood: The rigid plant material composed mainly of secondary xylem. Repeated cambial production of secondary xylem builds wood.
Secondary xylem: The water-conducting tissue produced inward by the vascular cambium; it forms wood in many plants. Cambial cells add this tissue to the inside of the stem or root.
Meristem: Plant tissue containing cells that divide to produce new cells and tissues. Cambial growth depends on the persistent division of meristematic cells.
Tree ring: A layer of secondary xylem formed during one growth period in a tree. Seasonal cambial activity can leave successive rings in secondary xylem.
Bark: The tissues outside the vascular cambium in a woody plant stem or root. Outward cambial production contributes secondary phloem to the inner bark.
Secondary phloem: The sugar-conducting tissue produced outward by the vascular cambium. Cambial cells add this tissue toward the outside of the stem or root.
Xylem: Vascular tissue that transports water and minerals and also provides structural support. Secondary xylem is one of the cambium’s two principal products.

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