Vector-borne disease

An infectious disease transmitted between hosts by a living carrier organism, such as a mosquito, tick, or flea. The carrier may transmit a pathogen mechanically or after it develops within the carrier.

Biological transmission: Pathogen transmission in which an infectious agent develops or multiplies inside a carrier before reaching another host. Many vectors, including mosquitoes carrying malaria parasites, transmit pathogens after development within their bodies.
Vector control: Methods for reducing or managing organisms that transmit pathogens. Reducing vector abundance or contact with hosts can interrupt transmission.
Malaria: A parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium species and transmitted to people by infected Anopheles mosquitoes. It is a major example of a pathogen developing inside a mosquito before transmission.
Emerging infectious disease: An infection that has newly appeared in a population or is rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range. Changes in vector ranges and contact can contribute to newly emerging infections.
Direct transmission: Spread of an infectious agent from one host to another without an intermediate carrier or vehicle. It contrasts with transmission that depends on a living vector between hosts.
Mechanical transmission: Pathogen transfer by a carrier without development or multiplication inside that carrier. Some carriers transfer pathogens on their body surfaces rather than supporting their life cycle.
Insecticide-treated bed net: A bed net treated with insecticide to protect sleepers from biting insects, especially mosquitoes. It combines a physical barrier with insecticidal action against malaria vectors.
Dengue fever: A viral disease transmitted chiefly by Aedes mosquitoes, with symptoms ranging from mild fever to severe illness. Its spread illustrates how urban mosquito ecology can sustain human transmission.
Climate change and infectious disease: The ways climate shifts affect pathogen transmission, host susceptibility, and the ranges of vectors and reservoirs. Temperature and rainfall changes can alter where vectors survive and when they transmit.
Airborne transmission: Spread of infectious particles through air, especially over distances or durations that allow inhalation away from the source. It does not require an organism to carry the pathogen between hosts.

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