Vehicle dynamics

Vehicle dynamics studies how vehicles move and respond to forces, controls, and road conditions. It explains handling, stability, acceleration, and braking.

Tire–road friction: Friction between a tire and the road that enables traction, steering, and braking. It sets the force limit through which a vehicle can accelerate, turn, or slow down.
Newton's laws of motion: Three physical laws relating an object's motion to the forces acting on it. They provide the force-and-motion framework used to model vehicles.
Electronic stability control: A vehicle safety system that selectively brakes wheels to help correct loss of directional control. It uses measured motion to counter unwanted yaw and preserve the intended path.
Kinematics: The description of motion without accounting for the forces that cause it. Vehicle dynamics adds force and mass effects to kinematic descriptions of vehicle motion.
Autonomous vehicle control: The methods by which automated vehicles plan and execute motion using sensors and actuators. Automation must control vehicle motion despite uncertain grip, disturbances, and changing traffic.
Slip angle: The angle between a tire’s direction of travel and the direction it points. It explains how a steered tire develops lateral force while cornering.
Rigid-body dynamics: The study of motion and forces for objects treated as undeformable bodies. Vehicle models often begin by treating the body as a rigid mass with rotational motion.
Anti-lock braking system: A braking system that modulates pressure to prevent sustained wheel lockup. It manages tire slip during braking to retain steering capability and stability.
Vehicle statics: The analysis of forces and moments on vehicles in equilibrium. Statics addresses balance without the acceleration central to vehicle dynamics.
Model predictive control: A control method that repeatedly optimizes future actions using a model of system behavior. Its performance depends on accurate vehicle models and real-time handling limits.

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