Vermont

Vermont is a landlocked state in the northeastern United States, bordered by New York, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Quebec. Its Green Mountains run north to south through much of the state.

Green Mountains: A mountain range running north to south through Vermont and extending into western Massachusetts. They form Vermont’s defining mountain spine and give the state its name.
Abenaki: An Indigenous people of northeastern North America, with communities in present-day Vermont and neighboring regions. Abenaki communities lived in the region before European colonization and remain part of Vermont today.
Ethan Allen: A Vermont military and political leader who helped capture Fort Ticonderoga in 1775. He led the Green Mountain Boys and became a prominent figure in Vermont’s founding story.
Vermont Constitution of 1777: The constitution adopted by the Vermont Republic in 1777, establishing its government and declaring slavery abolished. It made Vermont an early polity to prohibit adult slavery in its constitution.
New Hampshire: A New England state east of Vermont, separated from it largely by the Connecticut River. The river boundary and shared regional history make New Hampshire Vermont’s closest eastern counterpart.
Lake Champlain: A large freshwater lake on the border between Vermont and New York, extending north into Quebec. Its eastern shore shapes Vermont’s western boundary and settlement.
New France: The French colonial territory in North America from the sixteenth century until 1763. French claims north of Vermont shaped the colonial competition around its future territory.
Alexander Twilight: An educator and minister who became the first African American elected to a state legislature in the United States. His election to Vermont’s legislature in 1836 marked an early milestone in Black political representation.
Abolitionism in the United States: The movement to end slavery in the United States before the Civil War. Vermont’s antislavery laws and politics formed part of the wider abolitionist struggle.
New York (state): A U.S. state west of Vermont, across Lake Champlain and the Green Mountains. New York borders Vermont to the west and historically disputed authority over its territory.

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