Veto

A veto is the power or act of rejecting or blocking a decision, especially legislation passed by a legislature. Its effect depends on the rules governing the decision-making body.

Legislative veto: A formal rejection of legislation by an executive authority or another constitutionally empowered body. This is the familiar form in which an executive rejects a bill passed by a legislature.
United States presidential veto: The U.S. president's constitutional power to reject a bill passed by Congress. It is a prominent example of an executive veto paired with a legislative override.
Filibuster: A parliamentary tactic that delays or blocks a vote, often by extending debate or withholding procedural cooperation. It can block legislation without granting a formal power to reject an enacted bill.
Veto player: An individual or collective actor whose agreement is required to change an existing policy. Veto players help explain why multiple blocking authorities can make policy change harder.
Roman tribune: An elected magistrate of the Roman Republic who represented plebeians and could block certain acts of magistrates or the Senate. The tribunes' blocking authority is an early source of the word and institution of veto.
Pocket veto: A procedure that prevents a bill from becoming law when an executive takes no action before a legislative session ends. It blocks a bill through inaction rather than an explicit rejection.
United Nations Security Council veto: The power of any permanent member of the UN Security Council to block a substantive resolution. It applies veto power to collective decisions by an international body.
Judicial review: The authority of courts to assess whether laws or government actions comply with a constitution or other higher law. Courts may invalidate legislation after enactment, unlike an executive veto before enactment.
Gridlock: A political impasse in which institutions or opposing groups cannot agree on action. Vetoes can preserve the status quo when competing authorities cannot reach agreement.
Intercessio: A Roman magistrate's formal intervention to prevent another magistrate's act from taking effect. This Roman procedure supplied a model for blocking official decisions.

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