Video camera

A video camera captures sequences of moving images as electronic video, often recording synchronized sound. It may store footage internally or transmit it for live viewing.

Image sensor: An electronic component that converts incoming light into electrical signals. It converts the scene’s light into signals from which video frames are formed.
Camera lens: An optical assembly that gathers and focuses light to form an image. Its focal length, aperture, and focus shape the scene captured by the camera.
Film camera: A camera that records images on photographic film rather than an electronic image sensor. It captures moving images on a chemical medium instead of as electronic video.
Electronic news gathering: The use of portable electronic equipment to gather and record news footage in the field. Field reporting favors cameras that can capture usable footage quickly and reliably.
Television camera: A camera that converts a scene into an electrical signal for television transmission or recording. Early video cameras developed from systems built to create television images.
Rolling shutter: An image-sensor readout method that records different image rows at slightly different times. Its timing can skew fast-moving subjects or camera motion in recorded footage.
Exposure (photography): The amount of light that reaches an image sensor or photographic medium. Exposure sets image brightness and affects motion rendering through shutter time.
Cinema camera: A camera designed for professional motion-picture production and demanding image workflows. It is a specialized video camera built for controlled filmmaking and postproduction.
Documentary film: A nonfiction film that presents people, events, or subjects through recorded images and sound. Documentary production relies on cameras to record real-world events and testimony.
Iconoscope: An early television camera tube that converted optical images into electrical signals. It was one of the first practical electronic devices for capturing television images.

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