Vietnamese nationalism

Vietnamese nationalism is a political movement and collective identity centered on Vietnamese self-determination, sovereignty, and national unity.

French conquest of Vietnam: The nineteenth-century military and diplomatic campaign that brought Vietnam under French colonial rule. French conquest created the colonial conditions against which modern Vietnamese nationalism organized.
Hồ Chí Minh: A Vietnamese revolutionary and communist leader who led the independence movement and became president of North Vietnam. He linked Vietnamese independence to revolutionary organization and built the movement that founded the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
August Revolution: The 1945 uprising in which the Việt Minh took power across much of Vietnam after Japan’s surrender. It converted anti-colonial mobilization into a claim to govern an independent Vietnamese nation.
Vietnamese communism: The communist movement in Vietnam, shaped by Marxism-Leninism and the country’s anti-colonial struggle. Communist leaders made national liberation central, while other nationalists rejected communist rule and ideology.
Socialist Republic of Vietnam: The one-party socialist state established in 1976 through the reunification of Vietnam. It institutionalized a unified state after decades of rival claims to represent the Vietnamese nation.
Cần Vương movement: An 1885–1896 Vietnamese royalist resistance movement seeking to restore Emperor Hàm Nghi and expel French rule. Its scholar-official-led resistance joined loyalty to the monarchy with opposition to French domination.
Việt Minh: A Vietnamese independence coalition founded in 1941 and led by Hồ Chí Minh’s Indochinese Communist Party. It united diverse anti-colonial forces behind an independence struggle that culminated in the August Revolution.
Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam: A 1945 proclamation by Hồ Chí Minh declaring Vietnam independent and establishing the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. It stated the movement’s sovereignty claim and framed independence in universal rights language.
Vietnamese monarchism: Political thought and movements that support Vietnam’s monarchy or its restoration. Monarchist loyalty was an early vehicle for resistance but competed with republican and revolutionary nationalisms.
Vietnamese diaspora: Communities of Vietnamese origin living outside Vietnam, formed through migration at different periods. War, political change, and migration produced communities whose identities and memories reflect divided national histories.

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