Viral replication

Viral replication is the process by which a virus copies its genome and produces components for new virus particles inside host cells. It depends on host-cell machinery and varies with the virus’s genome and life cycle.

Viral entry: The process by which a virus reaches and crosses a host cell’s boundary. Replication begins when a virus delivers its genome into a susceptible cell.
Virus: An infectious agent that reproduces only inside living cells and carries a DNA or RNA genome. Viral replication is the intracellular reproduction of this broader class of agents.
Retrovirus: An RNA virus that copies its genome into DNA and integrates that DNA into a host chromosome. Retroviruses reverse the usual information flow by making DNA from an RNA genome.
Antiviral drug: A medicine that inhibits viral infection or replication. Many antivirals target enzymes or stages required to make new virus particles.
Viral genome replication: The copying of a virus’s genetic material inside a host cell. Genome copying supplies the genetic material for newly assembled virions.
Viral genome: The DNA or RNA genetic material carried by a virus. Its chemistry and organization shape the route used to make viral RNA or proteins.
Bacteriophage: A virus that infects bacteria. Phages often use replication cycles adapted to bacterial cells.
Viral polymerase inhibitor: A drug that blocks a viral enzyme responsible for copying genetic material or making RNA. Blocking genome copying can prevent productive replication.
Viral protein synthesis: The production of viral proteins using host ribosomes and, in some viruses, viral translation machinery. Viral proteins build particles and carry out genome replication.
Host cell: A living cell that provides resources or machinery used by an infecting virus. Viral replication takes place within host cells and depends on their resources.

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