Viremia

Viremia is the presence of viruses in the bloodstream. It can allow viruses to spread from an infection site to distant organs.

Viral dissemination: The spread of a virus from its initial infection site to other tissues or hosts. Viremia is one route by which viruses disseminate between organs.
Virus: An infectious agent that replicates inside living cells using the host's molecular machinery. Viremia describes where viruses are found, not a separate kind of infectious agent.
Polymerase chain reaction: A laboratory method that amplifies selected DNA sequences for detection and analysis. Reverse-transcription PCR can detect viral genomes in blood samples.
Dengue: A mosquito-borne viral disease that can cause fever and, in severe cases, bleeding or shock. Dengue commonly produces measurable viremia during acute illness.
Primary viremia: The initial entry of virus into the bloodstream after replication at an infection site. It begins bloodstream spread from the virus's first site of replication.
Virion: A complete, infectious virus particle outside a host cell. In some infections, intact virions circulate freely in blood.
Viral culture: A laboratory method that grows viruses in susceptible cells or other living systems. Culture can test whether virus detected in blood remains capable of replication.
HIV infection: A chronic infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus, which targets immune cells. Plasma HIV RNA tracks ongoing replication and response to treatment.
Secondary viremia: A later wave of virus in blood after replication in organs reached during primary viremia. It follows amplification in tissues seeded by the initial bloodstream phase.
Viral RNA: Ribonucleic acid that forms the genome of some viruses or appears during viral replication. Blood tests may detect viral genetic material without establishing that infectious particles are present.

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