Viscera

The viscera are the internal organs of the body, especially those within the chest and abdomen. They include organs involved in digestion, circulation, respiration, and excretion.

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Thoracic cavity: The chest cavity enclosed by the ribs and diaphragm, containing the heart and lungs. It houses the thoracic viscera, including the heart, lungs, and major vessels.
Digestive system: The organs and processes that break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate indigestible material. Its organs make up much of the abdominal viscera.
Abdominal examination: A clinical assessment of the abdomen using inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation. It helps clinicians assess abdominal organs through the body wall.
Somatic nervous system: The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information from the body wall and controls skeletal muscles. Somatic structures contrast with viscera in their sensory pathways and motor control.
Abdominal cavity: The body cavity below the diaphragm that contains most digestive organs and several urinary organs. Most organs commonly called abdominal viscera lie within it.
Cardiovascular system: The heart and blood vessels that circulate blood through the body. The heart and major vessels are central thoracic viscera.
Laparoscopy: A surgical technique that views and operates within the abdomen through small incisions using a camera. It provides direct access to abdominal viscera with limited incisions.
Parietal peritoneum: The portion of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal wall rather than covering abdominal organs. Its wall-based location contrasts with the visceral peritoneum on organ surfaces.
Pelvic cavity: The space within the pelvis that contains the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum. It contains lower organs sometimes included in the broader meaning of viscera.
Respiratory system: The organs and airways that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and its surroundings. The lungs are major thoracic viscera that carry out gas exchange.