Visual perception

Visual perception is the process by which the brain organizes and interprets information from the eyes, producing awareness of objects, space, motion, and color.

Visual pathway: The neural route carrying visual signals from the retina through the thalamus to the visual cortex. It carries the signals that visual perception must interpret.
Object recognition: The ability to identify objects from visual features despite changes in viewpoint, lighting, or appearance. It turns visual forms into recognizable things.
Sensation: The detection and initial encoding of physical stimuli by sensory systems. It names the sensory registration that precedes perceptual interpretation.
Visual ergonomics: The design of environments and tasks to support visual performance and comfort. It applies perceptual constraints to lighting, displays, and workspaces.
Binding problem: The challenge of explaining how separately processed features are experienced as parts of unified objects. It asks how color, shape, and location become one perceived object.
Visual cortex: The occipital brain regions that process visual signals, including areas specialized for features such as orientation, color, and motion. Its interconnected areas extract different features from retinal input.
Depth perception: The ability to perceive distance and three-dimensional structure from visual cues. It makes a flat retinal image appear spatially extended.
Visual illusion: A visual experience that differs systematically from the physical properties of its stimulus. It exposes cases where perceived structure diverges from the stimulus.
Human-computer interaction: The study and design of interactions between people and computer systems. Interface design depends on how people notice and interpret visual elements.
Bayesian brain: The hypothesis that the brain combines sensory evidence with prior expectations in ways resembling Bayesian inference. It formalizes how expectations may shape ambiguous visual input.

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