Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Lenin was a Russian revolutionary and political theorist who led the Bolsheviks, helped overthrow the Russian Provisional Government, and founded the Soviet state.

Bolshevik Revolution: The October 1917 seizure of power in Russia by the Bolsheviks. Lenin led the party that overthrew the Provisional Government and claimed authority in its name.
Marxism: A political and economic theory associated with Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, centered on class struggle and historical change. Lenin adapted Marxist ideas to Russia’s conditions and revolutionary movement.
Nadezhda Krupskaya: A Russian revolutionary, educator, and Bolshevik who worked closely with Lenin and helped organize the party. Krupskaya was Lenin’s comrade, wife, and collaborator in party and educational work.
New Economic Policy: A Soviet policy introduced in 1921 that restored limited private trade and small-scale enterprise. Lenin promoted the retreat from War Communism to address economic collapse and peasant unrest.
Vanguardism: A theory that a disciplined revolutionary party can lead workers toward political revolution. Lenin argued that a centralized party should organize and direct revolutionary struggle.
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party: A Marxist political party founded in the Russian Empire in 1898. Lenin became a leading organizer within the party before its Bolshevik-Menshevik split.
Leon Trotsky: A Russian revolutionary who led the Red Army and became a major Bolshevik leader after 1917. Trotsky and Lenin cooperated in the revolution but differed over strategy and later succession.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: A federal socialist state established in 1922, encompassing Russia and other Soviet republics. Lenin’s government laid the institutional foundations for the state formally created during his final years.
Democratic centralism: A political principle combining internal party debate with unified action after decisions are made. Lenin used it to justify party discipline and centralized decision-making.
What Is to Be Done?: A 1902 political pamphlet by Lenin advocating a disciplined revolutionary organization of professional activists. The pamphlet articulated Lenin’s case for a centralized party of revolutionaries.

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