Volcano

A volcano is an opening or landform through which magma, gases, and volcanic material reach Earth's surface. It may be an active vent, a volcanic mountain, or a broader volcanic system.

Magma chamber: An underground body of molten or partly molten rock that can supply a volcanic eruption. Magma may collect here before rising toward a vent.
Magma: Molten or partly molten rock beneath Earth's surface, containing crystals and dissolved gases. Magma is the source material that rises through a volcano.
Shield volcano: A broad volcano built chiefly from repeated flows of low-viscosity lava. Its gentle slopes result from fluid lava spreading far from the vent.
Fissure vent: A linear crack in Earth's surface through which lava and gases erupt. Unlike a central cone, it releases material along an extended opening.
Volcanic conduit: A passage through which magma and gases move from depth toward a volcanic vent. It channels magma from underground storage toward the surface.
Lava: Molten rock that has erupted onto Earth's surface. Magma becomes lava after it emerges from a volcanic vent.
Stratovolcano: A steep volcanic cone built from alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic deposits. Its layered structure reflects repeated effusive and explosive activity.
Caldera: A large, basin-shaped volcanic depression formed by collapse or explosive removal of material. A caldera is a volcanic landform, but not necessarily an active vent or cone.
Volcanic eruption: The release of magma, gases, and fragmented material from a volcano. An eruption is the surface expression of a volcano's internal activity.
Volcanic ash: Fine fragments of volcanic glass, minerals, and rock smaller than two millimeters. Explosive eruptions can fragment magma into ash.

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