Vulva
The vulva is the external genital region that includes the labia, clitoris, and openings of the urethra and vagina.
Labia majora: The outer folds of skin that border and partly enclose the vulva. These outer folds frame the vulvar region and protect structures within them.
Pudendal nerve: A major pelvic nerve that carries sensory and motor signals to parts of the perineum. Its branches transmit sensation from much of the vulva.
Vulvar vestibulitis: A historical term for pain and tenderness around the vulvar vestibule, now often classified as provoked vestibulodynia. It describes pain localized to the area surrounding the vulvar openings.
Vagina: A muscular canal extending from the vaginal opening to the cervix. The vagina is internal; the vulva is the external region surrounding its opening.
Female genital mutilation: Procedures that intentionally alter or injure female genital organs for nonmedical reasons. Some forms directly alter vulvar structures and raise questions of health, rights, and consent.
Labia minora: The inner folds of tissue bordering the vestibule, the area containing the urethral and vaginal openings. These folds border the openings at the center of the vulva.
Dorsal nerve of the clitoris: A major sensory nerve supplying the clitoris, arising from the pudendal nerve. It carries sensory signals from the clitoris, a prominent vulvar structure.
Lichen sclerosus: A chronic inflammatory skin condition that often affects genital skin and can cause itching, pain, and scarring. It can alter vulvar skin and anatomy, making diagnosis and treatment important.
Perineum: The region between the external genitalia and the anus. It lies behind the vulva and is often discussed alongside it, but is a distinct region.
Sexual health education: Education about sexuality, relationships, reproduction, consent, and sexual health. Accurate anatomy education distinguishes the vulva from the vagina and supports informed care.