Walter Gropius

Walter Gropius (1883–1969) was a German-American architect who founded the Bauhaus in 1919 and helped shape modern architecture through functional design and industrial production.

Bauhaus: A German art and design school founded in 1919 that joined fine art, craft, and industrial production. Gropius founded and directed this school, which gave institutional form to his design program.
Peter Behrens: A German architect and designer known for his work with the AEG electrical company and for mentoring modernist architects. Gropius worked in Behrens’s office before developing his own architectural practice.
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe: A German-American architect and the final director of the Bauhaus, known for minimalist modernist buildings. Mies succeeded Gropius as Bauhaus director and developed a distinct approach to modernism.
Harvard Graduate Center: A group of student residences and facilities at Harvard University designed by Walter Gropius and The Architects Collaborative. The project brought Gropius’s modernist architecture into an American university setting.
Bauhaus exile: The dispersal of Bauhaus teachers and students after the school closed under Nazi pressure in 1933. Gropius’s move to Britain and then the United States was part of this wider displacement.
Bauhaus Dessau: A school building in Dessau designed by Walter Gropius and completed in 1926. Its glass curtain walls and asymmetrical plan made Gropius’s Bauhaus principles visible in architecture.
Adolf Meyer: A German architect who collaborated with Walter Gropius on the Fagus Factory and other projects. Meyer was Gropius’s close architectural collaborator during the years before the Bauhaus.
Marcel Breuer: A Hungarian-born architect and furniture designer who studied and taught at the Bauhaus. Breuer’s work at the school shows how Gropius’s teaching fostered new furniture and architectural practices.
The Architects Collaborative: An American architectural firm founded in 1945 by Walter Gropius and seven younger architects. The firm gave Gropius a collaborative practice for projects in the United States.
New Bauhaus: A school of design and photography founded in Chicago in 1937 by former Bauhaus teacher László Moholy-Nagy. Its creation shows how Bauhaus teaching took root in the United States after the school’s closure.

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