War of the Quadruple Alliance

A European war fought from 1717 to 1720 in which Spain challenged the settlement of Utrecht by seeking territory in Italy, opposed by Britain, France, Austria, and the Dutch Republic.

Spanish invasion of Sardinia: A Spanish military expedition that invaded Austrian-held Sardinia in 1717. The 1717 invasion began Spain’s campaign to recover territories in Italy.
Treaty of Utrecht: A series of agreements signed in 1713 that ended much of the War of the Spanish Succession and redistributed territories. Its settlement transferred Spanish possessions in Italy and constrained Philip V’s ambitions.
James Stanhope: A British soldier and politician who served as secretary of state and helped shape British policy during the war. He represented Britain in the negotiations that formed the anti-Spanish coalition.
Kingdom of Sicily: A kingdom centered on Sicily that existed as a distinct political realm until its union with Naples in 1816. The settlement transferred Sicily from Savoy to Austria after the war.
Spanish invasion of Sicily: A Spanish expedition that landed in Sicily in 1718 and seized much of the island. The invasion widened the conflict and prompted the alliance’s military response.
Philip V of Spain: King of Spain from 1700 to 1724 and again from 1724 to 1746, and the first Spanish Bourbon monarch. His government sought to regain Italian territories lost under the Utrecht settlement.
Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor: Holy Roman Emperor from 1711 to 1740 and ruler of the Austrian Habsburg monarchy. His control of Spanish-held Italian territories made Austria a principal opponent of Spain.
Kingdom of Sardinia: A monarchy founded in 1720 when the House of Savoy exchanged Sicily for Sardinia and its royal title. The postwar exchange gave Savoy Sardinia and established the kingdom’s name.
Battle of Cape Passaro: A 1718 naval battle in which a British fleet destroyed or captured much of Spain’s fleet off Sicily. Britain’s attack crippled Spain’s ability to reinforce its forces in Sicily.
Elisabeth Farnese: Queen consort of Spain from 1714 and a central political influence at the Spanish court. Her dynastic ambitions for her children shaped Spain’s campaigns in Italy.

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War of Jenkins' EarCompared with: It offers an earlier example of Britain and Spain contesting power after the Spanish Succession.