War of the Second Coalition

A European war fought from 1798 to 1802 between revolutionary France and a coalition led at different stages by Britain, Austria, and Russia. French victories and the Treaty of Amiens ended the conflict.

Battle of Marengo: A French victory over Austria in northern Italy on 14 June 1800, securing French control there. Its outcome helped force Austria to negotiate after French reverses earlier in the campaign.
French invasion of Egypt and Syria: Napoleon Bonaparte’s 1798–1801 expedition against Ottoman Egypt and Syria, intended partly to undermine British influence. The French expedition helped bring the Ottoman Empire into war against France.
Napoleon Bonaparte: A French general and political leader who became emperor of the French in 1804. His Italian campaign helped reverse French fortunes against Austria.
Treaty of Amiens: The 1802 peace treaty between Britain and France that temporarily ended their war. It formally closed the conflict but produced only a brief pause in Anglo-French hostilities.
Battle of Hohenlinden: A French victory over Austrian forces in Bavaria on 3 December 1800. It opened the route toward Vienna and hastened Austria’s withdrawal from the war.
Battle of the Nile: A British naval victory over the French fleet at Aboukir Bay in August 1798. The destruction of much of the French fleet isolated Napoleon’s army and widened the conflict.
Horatio Nelson: A British admiral whose naval victories helped secure British dominance during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. His victory at the Nile disrupted France’s Egyptian expedition.
Treaty of Lunéville: The 1801 peace treaty between France and Austria that reaffirmed French gains in Italy and the Rhineland. It secured French dominance on the continent before Britain made peace.
Siege of Malta: A blockade and siege from 1798 to 1800 that ended French rule over Malta. British control of Malta strengthened its position in the Mediterranean theater.
Treaty of Campo Formio: The 1797 peace agreement in which Austria recognized French territorial gains after the War of the First Coalition. Its settlement left Austria dissatisfied and helped set the stage for renewed war.

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Coup of 18 BrumaireRelated: Military setbacks intensified fears that the Directory could not defend France.