Wars of the Diadochi

A series of wars from 322 to 281 BCE in which Alexander the Great’s successors fought to divide and control his empire.

Perdiccas: A Macedonian general who served as regent after Alexander’s death and was killed during the First War of the Diadochi. His bid to preserve a unified empire triggered the first succession war.
Partition of Babylon: The 323 BCE settlement assigning satrapies and military commands after Alexander’s death. Its disputed appointments set the terms of the first struggle for power.
Hellenistic period: The era from Alexander’s conquests to Roman expansion, marked by Greek-speaking kingdoms across the eastern Mediterranean and western Asia. The successor kingdoms created the political landscape of this era.
Alexander the Great’s empire: The vast monarchy Alexander conquered and ruled from Macedon to Egypt and parts of western and central Asia. Its brief unity was the inheritance the successors repeatedly claimed but could not restore.
Antigonus I Monophthalmus: A Macedonian general and ruler who sought supremacy among Alexander’s successors and founded the Antigonid dynasty. His expansion provoked the coalition that fought him in the Fourth War.
First War of the Diadochi: The conflict of 322–320 BCE between Perdiccas and a coalition of other Macedonian commanders. It was the first armed breakdown of the settlement made at Babylon.
Ptolemaic Kingdom: A Hellenistic kingdom based in Egypt, ruled by the Ptolemaic dynasty from the late fourth century BCE until Roman annexation. The wars secured Egypt for Ptolemy and his descendants.
Alexander the Great: King of Macedon from 336 to 323 BCE, whose conquests created an empire spanning the eastern Mediterranean and much of Asia. His death without an adult heir opened the succession crisis behind the wars.
Ptolemy I Soter: A Macedonian general who became ruler of Egypt and founded the Ptolemaic dynasty. His seizure of Egypt and capture of Alexander’s body shaped successive conflicts.
Partition of Triparadisus: The 321 or 320 BCE settlement that reassigned offices and satrapies after Perdiccas’s death. It replaced the Babylon settlement but did not end rival claims.

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