Warsaw Uprising

The 1944 Polish resistance insurrection against German occupation in Warsaw lasted 63 days before German forces suppressed it. It aimed to liberate the city before Soviet forces took control of Poland.

Operation Tempest: A Polish Home Army campaign to seize control of occupied Polish territory as German forces retreated and the Red Army advanced. The Warsaw uprising was the largest and most consequential action within this broader campaign.
German occupation of Poland: Nazi Germany’s military and administrative rule over occupied Polish territory during World War II. The occupation created the conditions and grievances that fueled armed resistance in Warsaw.
Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski: A Polish general who commanded the Home Army and ordered the Warsaw Uprising to begin. As Home Army commander, he led the forces that launched the insurrection.
Destruction of Warsaw: The extensive demolition of Warsaw by German forces during and after the 1944 uprising. After suppressing the revolt, German forces systematically razed much of the city.
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising: The 1943 Jewish resistance uprising against German forces in the Warsaw Ghetto. It preceded the 1944 insurrection and involved a different resistance force, population, and objective.
Home Army: The principal Polish resistance force, loyal to the Polish government-in-exile during World War II. Its Warsaw units organized and fought the insurrection.
Polish government-in-exile: The Polish government that continued to represent the country internationally after Germany and the Soviet Union invaded Poland in 1939. It directed the Home Army and backed an effort to assert Polish authority before Soviet control.
Antoni Chruściel: A Polish general known as Monter who commanded Home Army forces in Warsaw during the uprising. He directed the fighting in the city under Bór-Komorowski’s overall command.
Pruszków transit camp: A German transit camp near Warsaw where civilians expelled from the city were screened and deported in 1944. It became a major destination for civilians forced from Warsaw after the uprising.
Slovak National Uprising: A 1944 armed revolt against Nazi Germany and the Slovak government allied with it. Like Warsaw, it was a major 1944 revolt; its forces fought across a wider mountainous area.

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