Wartime sexual violence

Wartime sexual violence is sexual violence committed in connection with armed conflict, including rape, sexual slavery, forced pregnancy, and other forms of sexual abuse.

Conflict-related sexual violence: Sexual violence linked directly or indirectly to conflict, including acts against civilians and people in detention. The United Nations uses this broader framework to track sexual violence connected to conflict.
Stigma: Social disapproval or exclusion attached to a person or group because of a perceived attribute or experience. Survivors may face blame or exclusion that compounds the violence.
Rape of Nanking: Mass rape and other atrocities committed by Japanese forces in and around Nanjing in 1937–1938. This well-documented atrocity demonstrates sexual violence on a large scale during war.
Rome Statute: The treaty that established the International Criminal Court and defines crimes within its jurisdiction. It lists rape, sexual slavery, forced pregnancy, and other forms of sexual violence as crimes.
Sexual violence in conflict data: Evidence and statistics about sexual violence associated with armed conflict. Underreporting and inconsistent definitions make prevalence and comparison difficult to establish.
Sexual slavery: The exercise of powers attaching to ownership over a person while compelling them to engage in sexual acts. Captivity and repeated sexual abuse can make sexual slavery a distinct form of wartime violence.
Conflict-related displacement: The forced movement of people from their homes as a result of armed conflict. Sexual violence can drive people from their homes and impede their return.
Rape of Berlin: Widespread sexual violence committed during the Soviet capture of Berlin in 1945. It illustrates wartime sexual violence during the final advance into a defeated capital.
International Criminal Court: A permanent international court that prosecutes individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and aggression. The Court can prosecute specified forms of sexual violence as war crimes or crimes against humanity.
International humanitarian law: The body of law that limits the effects of armed conflict and protects people who are not or are no longer fighting. Its interpretation and enforcement shape protections against sexual violence in war.

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