Water supply network

An interconnected system of pipes, pumps, storage facilities, and controls that conveys water from sources or treatment plants to users.

Water distribution system: The infrastructure that delivers treated water from supply points to consumers. The network is the interconnected infrastructure at the heart of water distribution.
Water meter: A device that measures the volume of water flowing through a pipe. Meters quantify deliveries to customers and help detect unusual flows.
Water treatment: Processes that remove contaminants or alter water properties to make it suitable for use. Treatment plants commonly feed the network that distributes potable water.
Branched water network: A water distribution layout in which pipes extend from main routes into dead ends. Its simpler layout contrasts with interconnected loops that offer alternate flow paths.
Water pipeline: A conduit that carries water between sources, treatment facilities, storage, and users. Pipelines form the network’s main routes for moving water.
Water valve: A fitting that controls, redirects, or stops flow through a pipe. Valves isolate sections for repairs and regulate network flows.
Water quality: The chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water. Network conditions can affect the quality of water delivered to users.
Looped water network: A distribution layout in which connected loops provide multiple routes for water flow. Looping can preserve service around an isolated pipe section, unlike dead-end branches.
Water pump: A machine that moves water by adding energy to it. Pumps lift water or sustain flows where gravity cannot provide enough pressure.
Water reservoir: A natural or constructed storage body that holds water for later use. Reservoirs can store source water before it enters treatment and distribution.

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