Wealth inequality

Wealth inequality is the unequal distribution of assets and debts among people or households. It differs from income inequality, which concerns flows of earnings over time.

Capital accumulation: The increase of wealth through saving, investment, and reinvested returns. Compounding returns can widen gaps between households with different starting assets.
Net worth: The value of a person's assets minus their liabilities. Wealth comparisons usually measure net worth rather than assets alone.
Wealth tax: A tax levied periodically on the net worth of individuals or households. It directly targets accumulated holdings rather than annual earnings alone.
Great Gatsby curve: A proposed relationship between income inequality and intergenerational income mobility across countries or periods. It links unequal economic outcomes with the persistence of family advantage.
Offshore finance: Financial activity conducted through jurisdictions outside a person's or firm's home country. Hidden or difficult-to-measure offshore assets can distort estimates of wealth concentration.
Inheritance: The transfer of property and other assets after a person's death. Bequests pass existing wealth differences across generations.
Income inequality: The unequal distribution of income received by people or households over a period. Income is a flow; wealth is a stock accumulated across time.
Estate tax: A tax imposed on the transfer of a deceased person's estate. It addresses the concentration of wealth transmitted through inheritance.
Land reform: The redistribution or restructuring of rights to agricultural land. Changes in land ownership have reshaped wealth distributions in particular societies.
Tax avoidance: The use of legal arrangements to reduce tax liabilities. Its scale affects how much wealth is reported and how redistributive policies work.

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