Weather

Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time, described by conditions such as temperature, wind, clouds, and precipitation.

Temperature: A measure of how hot or cold a substance or environment is. Air temperature is a basic measure of the atmosphere’s current state.
Solar radiation: Energy emitted by the Sun and received by Earth as electromagnetic radiation. Uneven solar heating supplies much of the energy behind weather patterns.
Weather forecasting: The prediction of atmospheric conditions for a future time and place. Forecasts estimate how current conditions and evolving systems will change.
Climate: The long-term statistical patterns of atmospheric conditions in a region, usually assessed over decades. Climate summarizes long-term patterns; weather describes conditions at a particular time.
Tropical cyclone: A rotating low-pressure storm that forms over warm tropical or subtropical waters. Tropical cyclones combine destructive winds, heavy rain, and coastal hazards.
Atmospheric pressure: The force per unit area exerted by the weight of air above a surface. Pressure differences help identify weather systems and drive winds.
Atmospheric circulation: Large-scale movement of air through Earth’s atmosphere, driven by uneven heating and Earth’s rotation. Global circulation organizes the air flows that shape regional weather.
Numerical weather prediction: Computer-based forecasting that simulates atmospheric evolution using physical equations and observations. It converts measurements and atmospheric physics into detailed forecasts.
Climate variability: Fluctuations in climate statistics across seasons, years, or longer intervals. Variability describes shifts across longer periods than individual weather events.
Tornado: A violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground. Tornadoes are localized weather hazards with exceptionally intense winds.

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