Western New Guinea

Western New Guinea is the western half of the island of New Guinea, administered by Indonesia as the Papua region and including nearby islands. Its political boundaries and administrative divisions have changed over time.

Dutch New Guinea: The Dutch-controlled western part of New Guinea before Indonesia assumed control in the 1960s. Dutch rule established the colonial territory whose transfer became the central postwar dispute.
New Guinea: The world’s second-largest island, divided between Indonesia in the west and Papua New Guinea in the east. Western New Guinea occupies the island’s Indonesian half.
Thomas Wainggai: A Papuan independence activist who advocated a peaceful campaign for independence from Indonesia. His activism gave international visibility to Papuan self-determination claims.
Papua New Guinea: An independent country occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and nearby islands. Its sovereignty contrasts with Indonesia’s rule over the island’s western half.
New York Agreement: A 1962 agreement that arranged the transfer of administration of Dutch New Guinea to Indonesia through the United Nations. It set the terms for the territory’s transfer from Dutch to Indonesian administration.
Papua (province): An Indonesian province on the northern coast of western New Guinea, with boundaries altered by provincial splits. Its name once covered a much larger share of the territory.
Theys Eluay: A Papuan political leader and independence advocate who was killed in 2001. His killing became a defining event in the region’s political history.
Indonesia: A Southeast Asian archipelagic republic whose territory includes western New Guinea. The region’s status is defined by its place within the Indonesian state.
United Nations Temporary Executive Authority: The United Nations administration that governed West New Guinea from October 1962 until May 1963. This authority briefly governed the territory between Dutch and Indonesian control.
Southwest Papua: An Indonesian province established in 2022, comprising the westernmost part of New Guinea and nearby islands. It is among the newer provinces formed from the region.

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