William Birdwood

William Birdwood (1865–1951) was a British Army officer who commanded the Australian and New Zealand forces at Gallipoli and later led the British Fifth Army in World War I.

Ian Hamilton: A British general who commanded Allied forces at Gallipoli in 1915. Hamilton was Birdwood’s superior during the Gallipoli campaign.
Gallipoli campaign: A 1915 Allied campaign to seize the Dardanelles and open a route to Russia. Birdwood commanded the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during the campaign.
ANZAC legend: A national tradition built around the courage and sacrifice associated with Australian and New Zealand forces. Birdwood’s Gallipoli command became part of the story commemorated as the ANZAC legend.
Charles Monro: A British general who replaced Ian Hamilton as commander of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force at Gallipoli in 1915. Monro recommended evacuation, while Birdwood favored remaining at Gallipoli before the final withdrawal.
John Monash: An Australian general who commanded the Australian Corps on the Western Front in 1918. Monash succeeded Birdwood as commander of the Australian Corps.
ANZAC Cove: A landing site on the Gallipoli peninsula where Australian and New Zealand troops came ashore on 25 April 1915. Birdwood’s forces landed and fought around this position.
Anzac Day: An annual Australian and New Zealand commemoration held on 25 April for those who served and died in war. The date marks the Gallipoli landing by forces under Birdwood’s command.
James Legge: An Australian general who served briefly as commander of the Australian Imperial Force in 1916. Legge’s national command role differed from Birdwood’s command over Australian and New Zealand forces.
Douglas Haig: A British field marshal who commanded the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front from 1915 to 1918. Haig appointed Birdwood to command the Fifth Army in 1918.
Battle of Lone Pine: An Australian attack on an Ottoman position at Gallipoli, fought from 6 to 10 August 1915. The battle was among the major actions fought by Birdwood’s corps at Gallipoli.

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Battle of CerRelated: His observations connected the Serbian victory to Allied assessments of the early war.