William Tyndale

William Tyndale was an English scholar and Protestant reformer whose translations of the Bible into English shaped later English-language Bibles. He was executed in 1536 for heresy.

King James Version: The English Bible translation published in 1611 under the authority of King James I. Its translators retained much of Tyndale’s phrasing and translation work.
Bible translation: The rendering of biblical texts from their original or intermediary languages into another language. Tyndale’s work applied this practice to English using Hebrew and Greek sources.
University of Oxford: A collegiate research university in Oxford, England, with origins in the twelfth century. Tyndale studied there and acquired the classical and theological training behind his translations.
Vulgate: The Latin translation of the Bible produced chiefly by Jerome in late antiquity. Tyndale’s English translations challenged the Vulgate’s dominance in Western Christian worship and scholarship.
Tyndale Bible: William Tyndale’s English translations of the Bible, published from the 1520s through the 1530s. These translations are the direct source of his enduring biblical language.
Koine Greek: The common form of Greek used across the eastern Mediterranean during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Tyndale translated the New Testament from its Greek text.
University of Cambridge: A collegiate research university in Cambridge, England, founded in 1209. Tyndale is associated with Cambridge’s reform-minded scholarly circles after his Oxford studies.
Latin: An ancient Italic language that became the principal language of the Roman Empire and Western scholarship. Tyndale’s English Bible opposed the restriction of scripture to learned Latin.
English Reformation: The religious and political transformation that established the Church of England and separated it from papal authority. Tyndale’s translations helped circulate Protestant arguments in England.
Biblical Hebrew: The ancient Hebrew language in which most of the Hebrew Bible was composed. Tyndale used Hebrew texts when translating portions of the Old Testament.

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