William Wallace

William Wallace was a Scottish military leader who resisted English rule during the Wars of Scottish Independence and was executed in London in 1305.

Battle of Stirling Bridge: A 1297 Scottish victory over an English army at a bridge crossing near Stirling. Wallace and Andrew Moray led the Scottish forces in his best-known battlefield victory.
Succession to the Scottish throne: The political crisis over who would inherit Scotland’s crown after Alexander III died without a surviving direct heir. The unresolved succession opened the way for English intervention in Scottish government.
Andrew Moray: A Scottish nobleman and military leader who rebelled against English rule and shared leadership with Wallace in 1297. Moray was Wallace’s co-leader in the campaign that culminated at Stirling Bridge.
Blind Harry: A fifteenth-century Scottish poet traditionally credited with an epic poem about William Wallace. His poem helped shape later stories about Wallace, though it is not a reliable contemporary account.
Battle of Falkirk: A 1298 battle in which Edward I’s army defeated Scottish forces led by William Wallace. The defeat weakened Wallace’s position and led him to resign as Guardian of Scotland.
Margaret, Maid of Norway: The Norwegian-born granddaughter of Alexander III who was recognized as Scotland’s heir but died in 1290 before taking the throne. Her death left the Scottish succession disputed and destabilized the kingdom.
Robert the Bruce: King of Scots from 1306 to 1329 who led Scotland during a later phase of its independence struggle. Bruce continued the struggle after Wallace’s death and secured Scotland’s independence in practice.
The Wallace: A long Middle Scots narrative poem about William Wallace, composed by Blind Harry in the fifteenth century. It became one of the most influential sources for Wallace’s legendary reputation.
Capture of William Wallace: The 1305 seizure of William Wallace near Glasgow by forces loyal to Edward I. His capture ended years of evasion and brought him to trial in England.
John Balliol: King of Scots from 1292 to 1296, whose authority Edward I subordinated and then displaced. Balliol’s removal intensified opposition to English control before Wallace’s revolt.

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