Wives of Muhammad

The women married to Muhammad, the prophet of Islam, who are collectively honored in Islamic tradition as the Mothers of the Believers.

Khadija bint Khuwaylid: Muhammad’s first wife and an early supporter of his prophetic mission. Her marriage to Muhammad began his family life, and her support sustained him during the earliest revelations.
Mothers of the Believers: The honorific title given in Islamic tradition to Muhammad’s wives. This title expresses their distinctive status and frames their collective place in the Muslim community.
Hijra: Muhammad and his followers’ migration from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE. Several marriages took place in the changing social and political conditions after the migration.
Ahl al-Bayt: The Arabic term for the household or family of Muhammad, interpreted differently across Islamic traditions. Debates over who belongs to Muhammad’s household affect how his wives are situated within it.
Aisha bint Abi Bakr: A wife of Muhammad and a major transmitter of hadith and Islamic legal knowledge. Her reports and later public role made her one of the most influential figures among his wives.
Muhammad: The prophet of Islam, regarded by Muslims as the recipient of the Qur’an. His marriages and household are the basis for the group’s identity.
Medina: A city in western Arabia that became the center of Muhammad’s community after 622 CE. Muhammad’s household was based in Medina during much of the period associated with his wives.
Islamic feminism: Approaches that interpret Islamic sources and traditions in pursuit of gender justice. Some scholars revisit accounts of the wives to examine women’s authority and agency in Islamic history.
Hafsa bint Umar: A wife of Muhammad and daughter of the early Muslim leader Umar ibn al-Khattab. Accounts associate her with a written Qur’an codex preserved after Muhammad’s death.
Qur'an: The central religious scripture of Islam, regarded by Muslims as revelation to Muhammad. Qur’anic passages address the household’s status, conduct, and specific marriages.

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