Wolframite

Wolframite is a dark iron–manganese tungstate mineral series with the composition (Fe,Mn)WO₄. It is a major ore of tungsten.

Hübnerite: Hübnerite is the manganese-rich endmember of the wolframite mineral series, with composition MnWO₄. It marks the manganese-rich end of wolframite's compositional range.
Froth flotation: Froth flotation separates mineral particles by differences in their surface chemistry and attachment to air bubbles. It can concentrate wolframite from finely ground ore.
Tungsten carbide: Tungsten carbide is a very hard compound of tungsten and carbon used in cutting tools and wear-resistant parts. Wolframite-derived tungsten can supply this widely used hard material.
Johan Gottschalk Wallerius: Johan Gottschalk Wallerius was a Swedish chemist and mineralogist who published an early description of wolframite. His mineralogical work helped establish wolframite as a recognized mineral.
Panasqueira Mine: Panasqueira is a historic tungsten mine in central Portugal, known for wolframite-bearing quartz veins. Its veins are a classic example of commercially mined wolframite.
Ferberite: Ferberite is the iron-rich endmember of the wolframite mineral series, with composition FeWO₄. It marks the iron-rich end of the same series.
Gravity separation: Gravity separation sorts materials by differences in density and settling behavior. Wolframite's high density makes gravity methods useful in ore concentration.
Tungsten filament: A tungsten filament is a wire heated to incandescence in an incandescent lamp. The mineral's metal has historically supplied filaments valued for tungsten's high melting point.
Carl Wilhelm Scheele: Carl Wilhelm Scheele was a Swedish chemist who identified tungstic acid in the mineral scheelite. His work on tungsten-bearing minerals preceded isolation of the element.
Boulder County tungsten district: The Boulder County tungsten district is a mining region in Colorado that produced tungsten ores, including wolframite. Its deposits illustrate wolframite mining in the western United States.

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