Knowra Women in STEM Women in STEM Women in STEM are women who study or work in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, fields where their participation and experiences have been shaped by social, institutional, and historical conditions.
Gender pay gap : The difference in average earnings between women and men, often measured across occupations or within comparable work. Pay differences can compound other barriers across STEM careers.
Gender bias : Prejudiced or stereotyped judgments and behaviors based on a person's gender. Bias can affect hiring, evaluation, collaboration, and recognition in STEM.
Women in science : Women who have contributed to scientific research and practice across historical periods and disciplines. Scientific fields provide a long record of both exclusion and achievement.
Gender mainstreaming : The practice of assessing and addressing gender effects throughout policies, programs, and institutions. It offers institutions a framework for examining STEM policies and practices.
Intersectionality : A framework for analyzing how overlapping social identities and systems of power shape distinct experiences of inequality. Gender interacts with race, class, disability, and other identities in STEM.
Occupational segregation : The uneven distribution of demographic groups across occupations, industries, and levels of work. Women remain unevenly distributed across STEM fields and job levels.
Stereotype threat : The risk of confirming a negative stereotype about one's social group, which can impair performance in some situations. Stereotypes about ability can add pressure in tests and technical settings.
Ada Lovelace : A nineteenth-century English mathematician whose notes on Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine described a procedure for calculating Bernoulli numbers. Her work is an early landmark in women’s participation in computing.
Title IX : A 1972 U.S. federal civil-rights law prohibiting sex discrimination in education programs receiving federal financial assistance. It shapes access and protections in U.S. educational pathways into STEM.
Gender pay gap in STEM : Differences in earnings between women and men working in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Field-specific comparisons test whether general pay-gap patterns hold in STEM.
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