Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson was the 28th president of the United States, serving from 1913 to 1921. He led the country during World War I and proposed the League of Nations.

Fourteen Points: Woodrow Wilson’s 1918 program of principles for ending World War I and organizing postwar peace. The program set out Wilson’s vision for peace and became the basis for his proposed settlement.
Edith Wilson: The second wife of Woodrow Wilson, who managed access to him after his 1919 stroke. Her role in controlling access to the incapacitated president became a lasting political controversy.
Federal Reserve Act: The 1913 law that created the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States. Wilson signed the act as part of his early program to reform finance and regulate banking.
George Washington's Farewell Address: George Washington’s 1796 address warning the United States against permanent alliances and partisan faction. Its caution about foreign entanglements contrasts with Wilson’s effort to bind the United States to collective security.
Racial segregation in the federal government: The separation and unequal treatment of Black and white employees in federal workplaces and agencies. Wilson’s administration expanded segregation in federal offices, reversing some earlier gains for Black workers.
League of Nations: An international organization founded in 1920 to preserve peace through collective security and negotiation. Wilson championed its creation, but the United States never joined.
William Jennings Bryan: An American politician who served as secretary of state under Wilson from 1913 to 1915. Bryan resigned over Wilson’s handling of tensions with Germany before American entry into the war.
Clayton Antitrust Act: The 1914 law that strengthened federal antitrust rules and exempted labor unions from certain restrictions. It was a major legislative achievement of Wilson’s domestic reform agenda.
Theodore Roosevelt: The 26th president of the United States, known for progressive reforms and an assertive foreign policy. Roosevelt’s preparedness and power politics offered a rival model to Wilson’s diplomacy and peace program.
D. W. Griffith: An American film director whose 1915 film The Birth of a Nation portrayed the Reconstruction era through racist Lost Cause imagery. Wilson’s reported praise of the film intensified controversy over his racial views and administration.

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