Woven fabric

Woven fabric is textile material made by interlacing lengthwise yarns, called warp, with crosswise yarns, called weft. Its structure differs from knitting, which forms fabric from loops.

Warp: Warp yarns run lengthwise through a woven fabric and are held under tension during weaving. These lengthwise yarns form one of the two interlaced systems in woven fabric.
Loom: A loom is a machine or frame that holds warp yarns and interlaces them with weft yarns. It provides the tension and motions needed to form woven fabric.
Plain weave: Plain weave is a structure in which each weft yarn alternates over and under successive warp yarns. Its simple, firm interlacing is widely used in woven cloth.
Knitted fabric: Knitted fabric is textile material formed by interlooping yarns rather than interlacing separate warp and weft systems. Its loops create a structure that stretches and behaves differently from woven fabric.
Weft: Weft yarns run crosswise through a woven fabric, passing over and under warp yarns. The weft crosses the warp to create the fabric’s interlaced structure.
Shedding: Shedding is the separation of warp yarns into layers to create an opening for a weft yarn. Each shed lets the weft pass through the warp.
Twill: Twill is a weave characterized by diagonal ribs formed by regularly offset interlacing points. Its diagonal structure gives many woven fabrics a recognizable surface and drape.
Nonwoven fabric: Nonwoven fabric is a sheet of fibers bonded by mechanical, thermal, or chemical means rather than woven or knitted. It forms cloth-like material without the yarn interlacing that defines woven fabric.
Yarn: Yarn is a continuous strand of fibers or filaments used to make textiles. Woven fabric is built from yarns arranged in two crossing directions.
Shuttle: A shuttle is a weaving tool that carries weft yarn across the warp shed. It is one method for inserting crosswise yarn into the fabric.

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