X-linked inheritance

X-linked inheritance is the transmission of traits caused by variants in genes on the X chromosome. Its patterns differ between people with one X chromosome and those with two.

X chromosome: One of the two sex chromosomes in humans, carrying genes involved in many biological functions. X-linked variants are located on this chromosome and follow its transmission between generations.
Chromosome: A DNA-protein structure that packages genetic material and carries genes. X-linked inheritance is one chromosome-specific form of genetic transmission.
Hemophilia A: An inherited bleeding disorder caused by deficient or defective clotting factor VIII. Most cases follow an X-linked recessive pattern.
Autosomal dominant inheritance: An inheritance pattern in which one altered allele on a non-sex chromosome can cause a trait. Unlike X-linked traits, it usually affects sexes similarly and can pass from father to son.
Hemizygosity: The condition of having only one copy of a particular chromosome or gene in a cell. A single X-linked gene copy can determine traits in people with one X chromosome.
Allele: One of the alternative forms of a genetic sequence at a particular genomic location. An X-linked trait depends on which allele a person inherits.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A severe muscle-wasting disorder caused by variants in the DMD gene. Its usual inheritance is X-linked recessive, with symptoms typically beginning in childhood.
Autosomal recessive inheritance: An inheritance pattern in which disease usually requires altered copies of a gene on both homologous autosomes. Its two-copy requirement differs from recessive X-linked disease in people with one X chromosome.
X-linked recessive inheritance: An inheritance pattern in which a variant on the X chromosome usually causes disease when no functional copy compensates for it. It is a common specific pattern, especially when a person has one X chromosome.
Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism or cell, often described at specific loci. Genotypes identify the X-linked variants present in an individual.

Linked from 21 pages