Xerox PARC

Xerox PARC is a research center founded by Xerox in 1970. Its work helped shape personal computing, graphical interfaces, laser printing, and computer networking.

Alto: A 1973 Xerox PARC computer that combined a bitmap display, mouse, and graphical interface. It embodied PARC’s vision of an individual computer for interactive work.
Bob Taylor: An American computer scientist who led influential computer research groups at ARPA and Xerox PARC. He recruited and guided the PARC Computer Science Laboratory that developed networked personal computing.
Xerox: An American technology company founded in 1906, known for photocopiers, printers, and document technologies. The company founded PARC to explore technologies beyond its existing copier business.
Apple Lisa: A personal computer released by Apple in 1983 with a graphical user interface and mouse. Apple’s interface design drew on ideas demonstrated during visits to Xerox PARC.
Bell Labs: An American industrial research organization established by AT&T and known for major advances in communications and computing. Like PARC, it combined corporate funding with ambitious research, but operated within a different industrial setting.
Ethernet: A family of wired computer networking technologies developed at Xerox PARC in the 1970s. PARC created it to connect computers and shared resources.
Alan Kay: An American computer scientist known for contributions to object-oriented programming and personal computing. His Dynabook vision helped orient PARC’s work toward computers for individuals.
George Pake: An American physicist who founded and led Xerox PARC during its early years. He built the research center and recruited its initial researchers.
Apple Macintosh: A personal computer introduced by Apple in 1984 with a graphical interface and mouse. It brought graphical computing to a broader market after Apple studied PARC’s systems.
MIT Media Lab: An interdisciplinary research laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology focused on media, technology, and design. It offers a later university-based model for exploratory technology research.

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