Xi Jinping

Xi Jinping is a Chinese politician who has served as general secretary of the Communist Party of China since 2012 and president of China since 2013. His leadership has centralized authority and advanced a more assertive role for China abroad.

Communist Party of China: The ruling political party of the People’s Republic of China, founded in 1921. Xi’s general secretaryship makes him the party’s top leader.
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party: The top leadership position in the Communist Party of China. Xi’s authority rests primarily on this party office.
Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping: A campaign launched in 2012 to investigate corruption among Chinese party members and officials. It removed officials across the hierarchy while reinforcing central party discipline.
Mao Zedong: A Chinese Communist revolutionary who founded the People’s Republic of China and led it from 1949 until 1976. Xi invokes Mao-era party traditions while governing in a different economic and institutional setting.
Xi Zhongxun: A Chinese Communist revolutionary and senior official, and the father of Xi Jinping. His father’s political career placed Xi within a prominent revolutionary family.
Deng Xiaoping: A Chinese Communist leader who directed China’s reform and opening after Mao Zedong’s death. Deng’s post-Mao reforms shaped the system Xi later led and revised.
Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party: The Communist Party of China’s highest decision-making body between plenary sessions of its Central Committee. Xi leads this body, which coordinates the party’s top leadership.
Hong Kong national security law: A 2020 law that criminalizes secession, subversion, terrorism, and collusion with foreign forces in Hong Kong. Its imposition marked a sharp change in Beijing’s approach to Hong Kong’s autonomy.
Collective leadership: A model of governance in which authority is shared among a leadership group rather than concentrated in one individual. Xi’s concentration of authority departed from the post-Mao emphasis on collective leadership.
Cultural Revolution: A Chinese political upheaval from 1966 to 1976 initiated by Mao Zedong. Xi’s adolescence included rural relocation during the Cultural Revolution.

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