Yakub Beg

Yakub Beg was a military leader who ruled Kashgar and established Yettishar, an independent state in Xinjiang, from 1865 until his death in 1877.

Dungan Revolt: An uprising by Hui Muslims and other groups against Qing rule in northwestern China from 1862 to 1877. The revolt shattered Qing authority in Xinjiang and created the opening for Yakub Beg’s expansion.
Yettishar: A state centered in the Tarim Basin that Yakub Beg established and ruled from 1865 to 1877. It was the political structure Yakub Beg built from his conquest of Kashgar.
Buzurg Khan: A member of the Kashgarian Khoja lineage who briefly ruled Kashgar after Yakub Beg’s arrival in 1865. Yakub Beg entered Kashgar as Buzurg Khan’s military supporter before taking power himself.
Treaty of Kashgar: A 1873 agreement between Britain and Yakub Beg’s government covering trade and diplomatic relations. The treaty showed Britain treating Yakub Beg as a negotiating authority.
Kokand Khanate: A Central Asian state centered in the Fergana Valley that existed from the early eighteenth century until 1876. Yakub Beg served the khanate before crossing into Kashgar amid its political turmoil.
Kashgar: An oasis city in the western Tarim Basin, historically a major center of trade and political power. Yakub Beg seized the city in 1865 and made it the center of his authority.
Wali Khan: A Khoja ruler of Kashgar whose violent campaigns in the 1850s weakened local authority. His earlier rule illustrates the instability that preceded Yakub Beg’s rise.
Russian conquest of the Kokand Khanate: Russia’s annexation of the Kokand Khanate in 1876, which ended its independent rule. The loss of Kokand removed a potential regional ally while Yakub Beg faced Qing pressure.
Alim Quli: A military leader who governed Kokand during its final years before Russia annexed it in 1876. He sent Yakub Beg to Kashgar in 1865 to support the local ruler.
Aksu: An oasis city on the northern edge of the Tarim Basin in present-day Xinjiang. Its capture helped extend Yakub Beg’s control beyond Kashgar across the basin.

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History of XinjiangBroader topic: His state briefly displaced Qing authority during a major nineteenth-century upheaval.