Yellow supergiant

A luminous, evolved star with a yellow or yellow-white surface, typically classified in spectral types F or G and luminosity class I. Its large radius and advanced evolutionary state distinguish it from ordinary stars of similar color.

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Hertzsprung–Russell diagram: A plot of stars by luminosity and surface temperature or spectral type. Yellow supergiants occupy a luminous region between hot and cool supergiants.
Polaris: The North Star, a multiple-star system whose primary is a classical Cepheid. Its yellow supergiant primary is a well-studied example of a pulsating star.
Red supergiant: A cool, luminous, evolved star with a greatly expanded outer envelope. It is a later-looking, cooler counterpart to yellow supergiants.
Massive star: A star substantially more massive than the Sun, with a shorter life and more energetic evolution. Many yellow supergiants descend from massive stars after leaving the main sequence.
Period–luminosity relation: An empirical relation connecting the pulsation period of certain variable stars to their intrinsic luminosity. Yellow supergiant Cepheids use this relation to measure distances.
Stellar evolution: The changes in a star's structure and observable properties over its lifetime. Yellow supergiants are brief stages in the evolution of massive stars.
Delta Cephei: A bright classical Cepheid in Cepheus that gives its name to the Cepheid variable class. It exemplifies the pulsating yellow-supergiant phase.
Blue supergiant: A hot, luminous massive star with a blue surface and supergiant luminosity class. Its much higher surface temperature marks the opposite color extreme.
Main sequence: The long-lived stellar phase in which core hydrogen fusion supplies most of a star's energy. Yellow supergiants have evolved beyond this hydrogen-burning phase.
Spectroscopy: The study of matter and physical conditions through its interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Spectral lines reveal yellow supergiants' temperatures, compositions, and atmospheric motions.