Yellowface

Yellowface is the casting and performance of Asian characters by non-Asian performers, historically often involving racialized makeup, altered features, and stereotyped behavior.

Theatrical makeup: Cosmetics and prosthetics used to alter an actor’s appearance for performance. Stage makeup made exaggerated racial caricatures visible from a distance.
Casting: The process of selecting performers for roles in a production. Choosing non-Asian actors for Asian roles is the defining production decision.
Mickey Rooney: An American actor who played Mr. Yunioshi in the 1961 film Breakfast at Tiffany’s. His broad caricature is one of Hollywood’s most criticized examples of yellowface.
Blackface: The use of makeup and performance to caricature Black people, especially in minstrelsy and popular entertainment. It is a parallel form of racial impersonation with a distinct history and target.
Asian American representation in Hollywood: The presence and portrayal of Asian Americans in American film and television. Yellowface has contributed to a screen history in which Asian actors were denied prominent roles.
Minstrel show: A form of nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century American entertainment built around racist caricatures, especially of Black people. Its conventions helped establish racial impersonation as popular entertainment.
Racial caricature: An exaggerated depiction that reduces a racial or ethnic group to stereotyped traits. Yellowface commonly turns Asian identity into a set of comic or exotic visual cues.
Katharine Hepburn: An American actor who portrayed a Chinese woman in the 1944 film Dragon Seed. Her casting exemplifies studio-era use of white performers for Asian leads.
Redface: The portrayal of Indigenous people by non-Indigenous performers through stereotyped costume, makeup, or behavior. It parallels yellowface while drawing on different histories of Indigenous representation.
Stereotype threat: The risk that awareness of a negative stereotype will impair performance in a domain where it applies. Repeated caricatures can shape expectations imposed on Asian performers and audiences.

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