Zhao (state)

Zhao was a major Warring States kingdom in northern China, ruled by the Zhao royal house until Qin conquered its capital in 228 BCE.

Partition of Jin: The late fifth-century BCE division of the state of Jin among the Han, Wei, and Zhao houses. Zhao emerged as an independent state from this division.
Battle of Changping: A 260 BCE battle in which Qin defeated Zhao and captured a large part of its army. The catastrophic defeat weakened Zhao before Qin’s later invasions.
King Youmiu of Zhao: The Zhao ruler whose reign ended when Qin captured Handan in 228 BCE. His defeat marked the kingdom’s effective conquest by Qin.
Qin's unification of China: The process by which Qin conquered rival states and founded a unified Chinese empire in 221 BCE. Zhao’s conquest was a decisive step in Qin’s final unification.
Zhao Wuxu: A Zhao nobleman who helped establish the Zhao house’s power within Jin. His family’s ascent preceded Zhao’s recognition as an independent kingdom.
Bai Qi: A Qin general famed for victories during the Warring States period. He commanded Qin’s forces at Changping against Zhao.
Handan: A city in present-day Hebei that served as Zhao’s capital during the Warring States period. Its fall in 228 BCE ended Zhao’s independence.
Qin Shi Huang: The king of Qin who unified China in 221 BCE and became its first emperor. His state completed the conquest of Zhao and its remaining rivals.
Warring States period: The era of sustained interstate warfare in China, conventionally dated from 475 to 221 BCE. Zhao’s formation and fall bookend this era’s struggle for supremacy.
Lian Po: A Zhao general who served during the Warring States period and helped defend the kingdom against Qin. His defensive strategy at Changping contrasted with Zhao’s later change of command.

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