Zhiyi

Zhiyi (538–597) was a Chinese Buddhist monk whose teachings systematized Tiantai doctrine. He is regarded as the founder of the Tiantai school.

Lotus Sutra: A Mahayana Buddhist scripture that presents the Buddha’s teaching as a single path to awakening. Zhiyi treated it as the highest scripture and the foundation of Tiantai teaching.
Mohe Zhiguan: A major Tiantai meditation manual traditionally attributed to Zhiyi and compiled by his disciple Guanding. It presents the comprehensive meditation system associated with Zhiyi’s teaching.
Mount Tiantai: A mountain in Zhejiang, China, associated with the founding history of Tiantai Buddhism. Zhiyi taught and practiced there, giving the school its name.
Saichō: A Japanese Buddhist monk who founded the Tendai school after studying Chinese Tiantai teachings. Saichō carried Zhiyi’s tradition to Japan and made it the basis of Tendai.
Mahayana: A major Buddhist tradition emphasizing the bodhisattva path and the possibility of awakening for all beings. Zhiyi’s school developed within this broad Buddhist tradition.
Shikan: A Buddhist meditation method combining calming the mind with insight into reality. Zhiyi framed Tiantai practice through the paired disciplines of calming and insight.
Guanding: A Chinese Buddhist monk who recorded and transmitted teachings attributed to Zhiyi. His lecture records preserve much of the material through which Zhiyi’s thought is known.
Tendai: A Japanese Buddhist school descended from Chinese Tiantai and founded by Saichō. Its doctrines and practices developed from the tradition Zhiyi systematized.
Nagarjuna: An Indian Buddhist philosopher who established the Madhyamaka analysis of emptiness. Zhiyi drew on Madhyamaka ideas when explaining emptiness and the middle way.
Three Thousand Realms in One Thought-Moment: A Tiantai doctrine that every moment of consciousness contains all ten realms in their full interrelation. Zhiyi used this teaching to connect momentary experience with the whole of reality.

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